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The trivial case of the angular momentum of a body in an orbit is given by = where is the mass of the orbiting object, is the orbit's frequency and is the orbit's radius.. The angular momentum of a uniform rigid sphere rotating around its axis, instead, is given by = where is the sphere's mass, is the frequency of rotation and is the sphere's radius.
The quantity = also appears in the angular momentum of a simple pendulum, which is calculated from the velocity = of the pendulum mass around the pivot, where is the angular velocity of the mass about the pivot point. This angular momentum is given by = = = (() ()) = = ^, using a similar derivation to the previous equation.
The definition of angular momentum for a single point particle is: = where p is the particle's linear momentum and r is the position vector from the origin. The time-derivative of this is: The time-derivative of this is:
When Newton's laws are applied to rotating extended bodies, they lead to new quantities that are analogous to those invoked in the original laws. The analogue of mass is the moment of inertia, the counterpart of momentum is angular momentum, and the counterpart of force is torque. Angular momentum is calculated with respect to a reference point ...
For reference and background, two closely related forms of angular momentum are given. In classical mechanics, the orbital angular momentum of a particle with instantaneous three-dimensional position vector x = (x, y, z) and momentum vector p = (p x, p y, p z), is defined as the axial vector = which has three components, that are systematically given by cyclic permutations of Cartesian ...
A diagram of angular momentum. Showing angular velocity (Scalar) and radius. In physics, angular mechanics is a field of mechanics which studies rotational movement. It studies things such as angular momentum, angular velocity, and torque. It also studies more advanced things such as Coriolis force [1] and Angular aerodynamics.
If R is chosen as the center of mass these equations simplify to =, = = () + = where m is the total mass of all the particles, p is the linear momentum, and L is the angular momentum. The law of conservation of momentum predicts that for any system not subjected to external forces the momentum of the system will remain constant, which means the ...
When the center of mass is used as reference point: The (linear) momentum is independent of the rotational motion. At any time it is equal to the total mass of the rigid body times the translational velocity. The angular momentum with respect to the center of mass is the same as without translation: at any time it is equal to the inertia tensor ...