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The problem does not have to be computable; the oracle is not assumed to be a Turing machine or computer program. The oracle is simply a "black box" that is able to produce a solution for any instance of a given computational problem: A decision problem is represented as a set A of natural numbers (or strings). An instance of the problem is an ...
CA—Computer Accountancy; CA—Certificate authority; CAD—Computer-Aided Design; CAE—Computer-Aided Engineering; CAID—Computer-Aided Industrial Design; CAI—Computer-Aided Instruction; CAM—Computer-Aided Manufacturing; CAP—Consistency Availability Partition tolerance (theorem)
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Its implementation is "opaque" (black).
Names of many computer terms, especially computer applications, often relate to the function they perform, e.g., a compiler is an application that compiles (programming language source code into the computer's machine language). However, there are other terms with less obvious origins, which are of etymological interest.
The opening reference to Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs is totally misplaced - the authors are talking about Closure (mathematics), not Closure (computer science) (e.g. the cons of a list is itself a list ). This is explained quite clearly in this footnote to chapter 2.2:
In science studies, the social process of blackboxing is based on the abstract notion of a black box.To cite Bruno Latour, blackboxing is "the way scientific and technical work is made invisible by its own success.
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Michie did not have a computer readily available, so he worked around this restriction by building it out of matchboxes. The matchboxes used by Michie each represented a single possible layout of a noughts and crosses grid. When the computer first played, it would randomly choose moves based on the current layout.