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  2. Francis Bellamy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bellamy

    Francis Julius Bellamy (May 18, 1855 – August 28, 1931) was an American Christian socialist Baptist minister and author. [1] He is best known for writing the original version of the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892.

  3. Pledge of Allegiance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance

    Francis Bellamy, who was a Baptist minister, a Christian socialist, [25] [26] and the cousin of Edward Bellamy (1850–1898), described the text of Balch's pledge as "too juvenile and lacking in dignity."

  4. Society of Christian Socialists - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Society_of_Christian_Socialists

    On February 18, 1889, Bliss, Francis Bellamy, A. G. Lawson, and sixteen others met at Tremont Temple to discuss the possibility. A declaration of principles was adopted on April 15, a constitution on April 24 and a meeting to effect permanent organization on May 7.

  5. Bellamy salute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellamy_salute

    The inventor of the Bellamy salute was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of The Youth's Companion. [2] Bellamy recalled that Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said, "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag', I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the ...

  6. Nationalist Clubs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Clubs

    Edward Bellamy, whose utopian writings were the inspiration for the Nationalist Clubs of 1888 to 1896. Nationalist Clubs were an organized network of socialist political groups which emerged at the end of the 1880s in the United States of America in an effort to make real the ideas advanced by Edward Bellamy in his utopian novel Looking Backward.

  7. Edward Bellamy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bellamy

    Edward Bellamy (March 26, 1850 – May 22, 1898) was an American author, journalist, and political activist most famous for his utopian novel Looking Backward. Bellamy's vision of a harmonious future world inspired the formation of numerous " Nationalist Clubs " dedicated to the propagation of his political ideas.

  8. Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Pledge_of...

    Francis Bellamy (1855–1931), the author of the Pledge, was a Baptist minister, a well-known Christian socialist, and the cousin of Edward Bellamy, one of the most renowned socialists of the late 19th century. Francis was known for his work in the slums of Boston, and preached that Jesus was a socialist.

  9. Category:Baptist socialists - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Baptist_socialists

    This category is for Baptists in the Christian socialist tradition. Pages in category "Baptist socialists" The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total.