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The origin of the Quran has been a subject of sustained academic research. [88] There have also been a number of proposals for refinement of the traditional view and even its fundamental re-evaluation. [88] Until around the 1970s, non-Muslim scholars assumed the traditional narrative of the origin story of the Quran. [89]
Quranic studies employs the historical-critical method (HCM) as its primary methodological apparatus, which is the approach that emphasizes a process that "delays any assessment of scripture’s truth and relevance until after the act of interpretation has been carried out". [1]
The Geschichte des Qorāns (History of the Quran) is a foundational German work of modern Quranic studies by Theodor Noldeke (1836–1930). Published originally in 1860, the work continued to be revised and expanded by Noldeke's students and successors between 1909 and 1938. [ 1 ]
The International Open University is a full member of Association of African Universities, [12] approved member of International Council for Open and Distance Education, [13] African Quality Assurance Network (AfriQAN), Association of Quality Assurance Agencies of the Islamic World (IQA), associate member of International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE ...
The book was described as a "summa" of current knowledge on the history of Islam by several researchers. It is the first commentary on the entire Quran published in the field of Quranic studies in French. The writing was entrusted to researchers but was directed by Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi and Guillaume Dye. The book includes contributions from ...
This does not necessarily diminish the value of the collection, but the reader should be aware that this collection does not fully represent classic scholarship on the Quran." [ 2 ] François de Blois criticized Ibn Warraq's work for including the essay by St. Clair Tisdall, describing it as a "shoddy piece of missionary propaganda" and the ...
Critics argue, verses that proponents say explain modern scientific facts, about subjects such as biology, the origin and history of the Earth, and the evolution of human life, contain fallacies and are unscientific. [186] [195] As of 2008, both Muslims and non-Muslims have disputed whether there actually are "scientific miracles" in the Quran.
Historical reliability of the Quran concerns the question of the historicity and plagiarism of the described or claimed events in the Quran. The Quran is viewed to be the scriptural foundation of Islam and is believed by Muslims to have been sent down by Allah (God) and revealed to Muhammad by the angel Jibreel ( Gabriel ).