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The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram showing the location of main sequence dwarf stars and white dwarfs. A dwarf star is a star of relatively small size and low luminosity. Most main sequence stars are dwarf stars. The meaning of the word "dwarf" was later extended to some star-sized objects that are not stars, and compact stellar remnants that ...
A black dwarf is a theoretical stellar remnant, specifically a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently to no longer emit significant heat or light. Because the time required for a white dwarf to reach this state is calculated to be longer than the current age of the universe (13.8 billion years), no black dwarfs are expected to exist in the ...
If the mass of the progenitor is between 7 and 9 solar masses (M ☉), the core temperature will be sufficient to fuse carbon but not neon, in which case an oxygen–neon–magnesium (ONeMg or ONe) white dwarf may form. [6] Stars of very low mass will be unable to fuse helium; hence, a helium white dwarf [7] [8] may form by mass loss in an ...
White dwarf: One of the smallest white dwarf stars known. [15] ZTF J1901+1458: 1,809 Currently the most massive white dwarf known. [16] Janus: 3,400 A white dwarf with a side of hydrogen and another side of helium. [17] Wolf 1130 B 3,480 [18] IK Pegasi B 4,174 The nearest supernova candidate. [19] Sirius B: 5,466 Historically first detected ...
The common use of "dwarf" to mean the main sequence is confusing in another way because there are dwarf stars that are not main-sequence stars. For example, a white dwarf is the dead core left over after a star has shed its outer layers, and is much smaller than a main-sequence star, roughly the size of Earth. These represent the final ...
Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a group of stars referred as star clusters or stellar associations. [2]
An artistic concept of the brown dwarf around the star HD 29587, a companion known as HD 29587 b, estimated to be about 55 Jupiter masses. Like stars, brown dwarfs form independently, but, unlike stars, they lack sufficient mass to "ignite" hydrogen fusion. Like all stars, they can occur singly or in close proximity to other stars.
Brown dwarf stars and gas-giant planets do not achieve sustained fusion, as they contain insufficient mass to gravitationally compress the reactants to the degree required to initiate a reaction. If the density of the star or planet could be increased, fusion could be initiated. One such method is to "seed" the body with a black hole. Although ...