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A synthetic lease is a financing structure [1] by which a company structures the ownership of an asset so that – . for financial accounting purposes (under pre-2003 U.S. financial accounting rules), the asset is owned by a special-purpose entity and leased to the operating company under an operating lease.
A formal definition is "The Special Purpose Entity is a fenced organization having limited predefined purposes and a legal personality". [ 1 ] Normally a company will transfer assets to the SPE for management or use the SPE to finance a large project thereby achieving a narrow set of goals without putting the entire firm at risk.
Consolidation-Special Purpose Entities 1998 July 1, 1999: January 1, 2013: IFRS 10: SIC 13 Jointly Controlled Entities-Non-Monetary Contributions by Venturers 1998 January 1, 1999: January 1, 2013: IFRS 10: SIC 14 Property, Plant and Equipment - Compensation for the Impairment or Loss of Items 1998 July 1, 1999: January 1, 2005: IAS 16: SIC 15
Orphan structure or Orphan SPV or orphaning are terms used in structured finance closely associated with creating SPVs ("Special Purpose Vehicles") for securitisation transactions where the notional equity of the SPV is deliberately handed over to an unconnected 3rd party who themselves have no control over the SPV; thus the SPV becomes an "orphan" whose equity is controlled by no one.
The FASB Accounting Standards Codification is the source of authoritative GAAP recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants .
Many ventures resolve this problem by forming a special purpose entity, usually a limited liability company or a corporation, which then acts as the general partner. [ citation needed ] A joint venture formed as limited liability company (LLC) offers protection to the partners by providing limited liability to all of its members.
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An exchange-traded note (ETN) is a senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt security issued by an underwriting bank or by a special-purpose entity. [1] [2] Similar to other debt securities, ETNs may have a maturity date and are backed by the credit of the issuer, though some ETNs may have a portfolio of assets given as a collateral.