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The crankshaft was invented by Al-Jazari in 1206, [63] [64] and is central to modern machinery such as the steam engine, internal combustion engine and automatic controls. [ 65 ] [ 66 ] The camshaft was also first described by Al-Jazari in 1206.
1974: The lithium-ion battery is invented by M. Stanley Whittingham, and further developed in the 1980s and 1990s by John B. Goodenough, Rachid Yazami and Akira Yoshino. It has impacted modern consumer electronics and electric vehicles. [509] 1974: The Rubik's cube is invented by Ernő Rubik which went on to be the best selling puzzle ever. [510]
As the object is deformed, the foil is deformed, causing its electrical resistance to change. The strain gauge was invented in 1936 by Edward E. Simmons, a professor at the California Institute of Technology, and re-invented in 1938 by Arthur C. Ruge, an earthquake specialist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [272] 1936 Bass guitar
Modern research has turned to investigate the internet's downsides, including disinformation, polarization, hate speech, and propaganda. [65] Since the 1970s, technology's impact on the environment has been criticized, leading to a surge in investment in solar, wind, and other forms of clean energy.
The first practical transistor was the point-contact transistor, invented by the engineers Walter Houser Brattain and John Bardeen while working for William Shockley at Bell Labs in 1947. This was a breakthrough that laid the foundations for modern technology. [2] Shockley's research team also invented the bipolar junction transistor in 1952.
Comparable periods of well-defined technological revolutions in the pre-modern era are seen as highly speculative. [7] One such example is an attempt by Daniel Šmihulato to suggest a timeline of technological revolutions in pre-modern Europe: [8] Indo-European technological revolution (1900–1100 BC)
Cyrus McCormick's reaper (invented in 1834) allowed farmers to quadruple their harvesting efficiency by replacing hand labor with a mechanical device. John Deere invented the steel plow in 1837, keeping the soil from sticking to the plow and making it easier to farm in the rich prairies of the Midwest. The harvester, self-binder, and combine ...
approximately 1893: The selenium phototube invention allows the conversion of brightness values into electrical signals. The principle is applied in wirephoto and television technology for a short time. Selenium is used in light meters for the next 50 years.