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Pediatric stroke is a stroke that occurs in children or adolescents. Stroke affects an estimated 2.5 to 13 per 100,000 children annually. [1] The signs and symptoms of stroke in children, infants, and newborns are different from those in adults. The causes and risk factors of stroke in children are also different from those in adults. [2]
[3] [4] [5] Some non-modifiable risk factors such as age at diabetes onset, type of diabetes, gender, and genetics may influence risk. Other health problems compound the chronic complications of diabetes such as smoking , obesity , high blood pressure , elevated cholesterol levels, and lack of regular exercise .
Oromotor dysfunction puts patients at risk for aspiration pneumonia. Visual field deficits can cause impaired two-point discrimination. Many patients experience the loss of sensation in the arms and legs on the affected side of the body. [3] Nutrition is essential for the proper growth and development for a child with spastic hemiplegia.
Atherosclerosis narrows blood vessels in the brain, resulting in decreased cerebral perfusion. Other risk factors that contribute to stroke include smoking and diabetes. [6] Narrowed cerebral arteries can lead to ischemic stroke, but continually elevated blood pressure can also cause tearing of vessels, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke. [4]
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is an ultra-rare neurological disorder named for the transient episodes, often referred to as "attacks", of hemiplegia (weakness or paralysis) that those with the condition experience. It typically presents before the age of 18 months.
Major risk factors for cerebral infarction are generally the same as for atherosclerosis. These include high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking, obesity, and dyslipidemia. [13] There are also risks that a person can't control. These include a person's age, family history of strokes, being African American, and being born a male.
About 1/3 of people with cerebral palsy cannot walk, about 1/2 have intellectual disabilities, and 3/4 experience some level of chronic pain. [22] There is limited research on adults with spastic CP. [23] The brain injury causing CP does not progress or change, but the functional impact and thus, one's needs may change with age. [7]
[3] The biggest risk factor for stroke is high blood pressure. [7] Other risk factors include high blood cholesterol, tobacco smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, a previous TIA, end-stage kidney disease, and atrial fibrillation. [2] [7] [8] Ischemic stroke is typically caused by blockage of a blood vessel, though there are also less common causes.