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The American Brown Swiss descends from a total of 167 imported parent animals. [2]: 142 A breed society, the Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders' Association, was formed in 1880; the first herd-book dates from 1889. By the end of the century breeding was directed towards dairy qualities; a production register for cows was opened in 1911.
The Braunvieh is a uniform brown or grey-brown in color; the nose is black and encircled by a pale ring. The horns are pale with dark points. Cows weigh some 650–700 kg, with a height at the withers in the range 140–152 cm; [15]: 22 bulls weigh on average 1050 kg, with an average height of 152 cm. [1]
Braunvieh means "brown cow" and the animals are coloured grey to brown with white ears and muzzle and have horns. These cattle have been maintained as a pure breed, while the modern Swiss Braunvieh have been crossed with Brown Swiss. They have contributed to the American Brown Swiss breed.
Brown Swiss cows are widely accepted as the oldest dairy cattle breed, originally coming from a part of northeastern Switzerland. Some experts think that the modern Brown Swiss skeleton is similar to one found that looks to be from around the year 4000 BC Also, there is evidence that monks started breeding these cows about 1000 years ago. [67]
Coloration varies with breed; common colors are black, white, and red/brown, and some breeds are spotted or have mixed colors. [6] Bulls are larger than cows of the same breed by up to a few hundred kilograms. British Hereford cows, for example, weigh 600–800 kg (1,300–1,800 lb), while the bulls weigh 1,000–1,200 kg (2,200–2,600 lb). [7]
Breeds of Cattle – Cow World (archived 19 January 2017) Cattle Breeds – Embryoplus.com (archived 29 November 2013) Breeds of Cattle – Official 2nd Edition; Cattle Breeds of the World; Portuguese Cattle Breeds (archived 17 January 2016) EuReCa – Towards self-sustainable EUropean, REgional CAttle breeds; Native cow varieties of India
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This is a list of some of the cattle breeds considered in Switzerland to be wholly or partly of Swiss origin. Some may have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Swiss. [1] Braunvieh or Swiss Brown [2]: 307 Hérens; Évolène; Fribourgeoise (extinct)