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Sankarappadi guild and Saliya Nagarattar guild: were specialised merchant guilds that functioned in urban centres. [15] Manigramam guild: flourished in Tamil Nadu in the Pallava and Chola periods and was active in South-east Asia. [16] Nakara guild: also known as Nagara and Nakaramu. [17] They were a body of Vaishya devotees of Nakaresvara.
Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO) is the apex trade promotion organisation in India set up by the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, and the private trade and industry segment in 1965. The organisation is responsible for representing and assisting Indian entrepreneurs and exporters in foreign markets.
Its primary function is to promote the export and development of agricultural and processed food products in India. It also monitors the import of sugar. APEDA also functions as the secretariat to the National Accreditation Board (NAB) for the implementation of accreditation of the certification bodies under National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) for organic exports.
An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is an exporter ; the foreign buyers is an importer . [ 1 ]
A freight forwarder or forwarding agent is a person or a company who co-ordinates and organizes the movement of shipments on behalf of a shipper (party that arranges an item for shipment) by liaising with carriers (party that transports goods).
If the buyer is based outside of the customs jurisdiction, they will be unable to clear the goods for export, meaning that the goods may be declared in the name of the seller by the buyer, even though the export formalities are the buyer's responsibility under the EXW term. [14]
Sahyog means co-operation in Hindi and Gujrati, the predominant [6] languages of traders. The hundi is so named because it required the co-operation of multiple parties to ensure that the hundi has an acceptable risk and fairly good likelihood of being paid, in the absence of a formalized credit monitoring and reporting framework.
A merchant is a person who trades in goods produced by other people, especially one who trades with foreign countries. Merchants have been known for as long as humans have engaged in trade and commerce. Merchants and merchant networks operated in ancient Babylonia, Assyria, China, Egypt, Greece, India, Persia, Phoenicia and Rome.