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In the 19th century, the ladies-in-waiting of the Dutch court were headed by the Grootmeesteres (Grand Mistress, equivalent to Mistress of the Robes), of second rank were the Dames du Palais (married ladies-in-waiting), followed by the third rank Hofdames (Court Ladies, equivalent to Maids of Honour). [42] [page needed] [43] [full citation needed]
Maids of honour of the empress, crimson. Maids of honour of the Grand Duchesses, light blue. Chambermaids of honour, raspberry. The style of the dress the ladies wore also had to correspond to a single pattern, they could be "of different colours, with different sewing, but it was impossible to repeat the pattern assigned to the ladies of the ...
Marguerite Gautier, from Alexandre Dumas, fils' work La Dame aux camélias, inspired by real life 19th-century courtesan Marie Duplessis, Jenny Smith, in Kurt Weill's Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny and The Threepenny Opera; Juliette, in the Marquis de Sade's Juliette; Kamala, in Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse
The term was in use in the United Kingdom from at least the 18th century to the mid-20th century but it is now archaic. The profession is known in most of the Western world. The role was related to the position of lady-in-waiting, which by the 19th century was applied only to the female retainers of female members of the British royal family.
Young women felt pressured to find a mate, as those unmarried by age 20 were often considered "old maids". [9]: 15152–155 Many immigrants during the 18th century were indentured servants and were constrained from marrying while serving their indenture. A man could purchase his prospective wife's freedom so that they could marry, although it ...
Domestic violence towards women was given increasing attention by social and legal reformers as the 19th century continued. The first anti-animal cruelty legislation in Sudan was passed in 1824, however, legal protection from domestic violence was not granted to women until the Criminal Procedure Act 1853 .
The "Ladies of Llangollen", Eleanor Butler (1739–1829) and Sarah Ponsonby (1755–1831), were two upper-class Irish women who lived together as a couple. Their relationship scandalised and fascinated their contemporaries. [ 1 ]
The Grand Tour of Europe became increasingly popular among women in the late 18th century and early 19th century. [1] For British upper-class young women travelling Europe was part of formal education as well as a form of entrance into elite society. [1] When published, women’s letters and travel diaries about their experiences provided ...