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Abdominal ultrasound examination serves as an effective non-invasive diagnostic tool for adrenal hemorrhage. Because of the non-exposure to ionizing radiation and a relatively high neonatal adrenal gland size to body size ratio that is sufficient for examination, ultrasound would be the preference for newborn patients. [17]
[1] [10] A single adrenal gland may also be removed in cases where only one is enlarged. [4] In cases due to enlargement of both glands, treatment is typically with medications known as aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone or eplerenone. [1] Other medications for high blood pressure and a low salt diet, e.g. DASH diet, may also be needed.
Adrenal gland disorders (or diseases) are conditions that interfere with the normal functioning of the adrenal glands. [1] Your body produces too much or too little of one or more hormones when you have an adrenal gland dysfunction. The type of issue you have and the degree to which it affects your body's hormone levels determine the symptoms.
An adrenocortical adenoma or adrenal adenoma is commonly described as a benign neoplasm emerging from the cells that comprise the adrenal cortex.Like most adenomas, the adrenocortical adenoma is considered a benign tumor since the majority of them are non-functioning and asymptomatic.
With appropriate treatment, the overall outcome is generally favorable, [10] and most people are able to lead a reasonably normal life. [11] Without treatment, an adrenal crisis can result in death. [1] Addison's disease affects about 9 to 14 per 100,000 people in the developed world. [1] [3] It occurs most frequently in middle-aged females. [1]
Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands, commonly caused by severe bacterial infection. Typically, it is caused by Neisseria meningitidis. [1] The bacterial infection leads to massive bleeding into one or (usually) both adrenal glands. [2]
Ultrasound system: A console, or a portable system, which includes a monitor and a transducer, and utilizes ultrasound to image body tissues. To image the thyroid and parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes; also, to guide diagnostic fine needle aspiration [4] or therapeutic ethanol injection to these organs. [5]
Even after diagnosis and initiation of treatment, a small percentage of children and adults with infancy or childhood onset CAH die of adrenal crisis. [4] Deaths from this are entirely avoidable if the child and family understand that the daily glucocorticoids cannot be allowed to be interrupted by an illness.
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