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Custody transfer measurements involve measurements in pipelines, storage tanks, transportation tanks (tankers, trailers or railway tanks) - whole fuel distribution process must be traceable. In order measurements can be made in a volume or mass units (or both), so various metering methods are commonly used. [3]
Magnetic flux leakage (TFI or Transverse Field Inspection technology) is a magnetic method of nondestructive testing to detect corrosion and pitting in steel structures, for instance: pipelines and storage tanks. The basic principle is that the magnetic field "leaks" from the steel at areas where there is corrosion or missing metal.
The formal definition of calibration by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is the following: "Operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties (of the calibrated instrument or ...
The method requires a secondary containment, it can be a double wall of the UST where the outer tank wall provides a barrier between the inner tank and the environment. Interstitial methods include the use of a hydrocarbon-sensitive sensor cables or probes connected to a monitoring console. Once the hydrocarbons is detected an alarm goes off.
The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat-or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using ...
The second and third tanks will bring the vehicle's tank closer to 3000 psi. The station normally has a compressor, which refills the station's tanks, using natural gas from a utility line. This prevents accidentally overfilling the tank, which could happen with a system using a single fueling tank at a higher pressure than the target pressure ...
Mariotte's bottle is a device that delivers a constant rate of flow from closed bottles or tanks. It is named after French physicist Edme Mariotte (1620-1684). A picture of a bottle with a gas inlet is shown in the works of Mariotte, [ 1 ] but this construction was made to show the effect of outside pressure on mercury level inside the bottle.
For use in open air applications, where the sensor cannot be mounted to the bottom of the tank or pipe thereof, a special version of the hydrostatic pressure level sensor, a level probe, can be suspended from a cable into the tank to the bottom point that is to be measured. [3]
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