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A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement. Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules.
A prismatic P joint, or slider, requires that a line in the moving body remain co-linear with a line in the fixed body, and a plane parallel to this line in the moving body maintain contact with a similar parallel plane in the fixed body. This imposes five constraints on the relative movement of the links, which therefore has one degree of freedom.
The alternate spelling Frankfort plane is also widely used, and found in several medical dictionaries, although Frankfurt is the modern standard spelling of the city it is named for. Another name for the plane is the auriculo-orbital plane. Note that in the normal subject, both orbitales and both porions lie in a single plane.
The joint space equals the distance between the involved bones of the joint. A joint space narrowing is a sign of either (or both) osteoarthritis and inflammatory degeneration. [12] The normal joint space is at least 2 mm in the hip (at the superior acetabulum), [13] at least 3 mm in the knee, [14] and 4–5 mm in the shoulder joint. [15]
In general, motion is classified according to the anatomical plane it occurs in. Flexion and extension are examples of angular motions, in which two axes of a joint are brought closer together or moved further apart. Rotational motion may occur at other joints, for example the shoulder, and are described as internal or external.
Dimensioned drawing of a slider-crank (left) and its kinematic diagram (right). In mechanical engineering, a kinematic diagram or kinematic scheme (also called a joint map or skeleton diagram) illustrates the connectivity of links and joints of a mechanism or machine rather than the dimensions or shape of the parts. Often links are presented as ...
Abduction is an anatomical term of motion referring to a movement which draws a limb out to the side, away from the median sagittal plane of the body. It is thus opposed to adduction . Upper limb
The smaller middle part of the ligament connects to the intervertebral disc. This plane joint is known as the articulation of the head of the rib. The other costovertebral joint is that between the tubercle on the neck and the transverse process of the joining thoracic vertebra of the same rib number, and this is known as the costotransverse joint.