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Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a disease prevalent in dogs that exhibit symptoms of dementia or Alzheimer's disease shown in humans. [1] CCD creates pathological changes in the brain that slow the mental functioning of dogs resulting in loss of memory, motor function, and learned behaviors from training early in life.
Also known as “sundowner’s syndrome,” sundowning is a set of symptoms or behaviors that can be seen in some people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, according to the Alzheimer’s ...
Antipsychotic medication, particularly the first generation antipsychotics, are a leading cause. [ 4 ] [ 7 ] Other agents commonly responsible for this side-effect may also include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors , metoclopramide , and reserpine , though any medication listing agitation as a side effect may trigger it.
The term sundowning was coined by nurse Lois K. Evans in 1987 due to the association between the person's increased confusion and the setting of the sun. [2] [3] For people with sundown syndrome, a multitude of behavioral problems begin to occur and are associated with long-term adverse outcomes.
Atipamezole has also been used as an antidote for various toxicities in dogs. For example, the anti-tick medication amitraz is commonly ingested by dogs who eat their anti-tick collars. [19] Amitraz works by the same mechanism as dexmedetomidine and is thus easily reversed by atipamezole.
It is hard to treat an illness if you don’t know what’s causing it or what it even is. But that isn’t stopping some veterinarians from trying.
These firms negotiate with drugmakers over prices and divide medications into tiers, forcing patients to pay more out of their own pockets for certain expensive drugs. Brand-name sleeping pills frequently end up in the tiers requiring higher co-pays, which means the pharmaceutical companies must work even harder to convince consumers that the ...
[2] [6] [4] Treatment may include restarting the medication and slowly decreasing the dose. [2] People may also be switched to the long-acting antidepressant fluoxetine which can then be gradually decreased. [6] Approximately 15–50% of people who suddenly stop an antidepressant develop antidepressant discontinuation syndrome.