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Sulfuric acid is a colorless oily liquid, and has a vapor pressure of <0.001 mmHg at 25 °C and 1 mmHg at 145.8 °C, [17] and 98% sulfuric acid has a vapor pressure of <1 mmHg at 40 °C. [18] In the solid state, sulfuric acid is a molecular solid that forms monoclinic crystals with nearly trigonal lattice parameters.
Crystalline benzoic acid shown here is a solid and an acid, but, in the context of this article, it is not a "solid acid", which are polymeric materials and typically stronger acids. Examples of inorganic solid acids include silico-aluminates ( zeolites , alumina , silico-aluminophosphate), and sulfated zirconia .
The hydrogensulfate ion (HSO − 4), also called the bisulfate ion, is the conjugate base of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). [59] [b] Sulfuric acid is classified as a strong acid; in aqueous solutions it ionizes completely to form hydronium (H 3 O +) and hydrogensulfate (HSO − 4) ions.
Sulfur trioxide (made by catalysis from sulfur dioxide) and sulfuric acid are similarly highly acidic and corrosive in the presence of water. Concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong dehydrating agent that can strip available water molecules and water components from sugar and organic tissue. [141]
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It is prepared on an industrial scale as a precursor to sulfuric acid. Sulfur trioxide exists in several forms: gaseous monomer, crystalline trimer, and solid polymer. Sulfur trioxide is a solid at just below room temperature with a relatively narrow liquid range. Gaseous SO 3 is the primary precursor to acid rain. [6]
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