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In his book "Creative Engineering" (1959) Arnold distinguishes four areas of creative thinking: [55] (1) novel functionality, i.e. solutions that satisfy a novel need or solutions that satisfy an old need in an entirely new way, (2) higher performance levels of a solution, (3) lower production costs or (4) increased salability. [57]
However, as Runco pointed out, there is a clear distinction between creative thinking and divergent thinking. [53] Creative thinking focuses on the production, combination, and assessment of ideas to formulate something new and unique, while divergent thinking focuses on conceiving a variety of ideas that are not necessarily new or unique.
The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, formerly the Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking, is a test of creativity built on J. P. Guilford's work and created by Ellis Paul Torrance, the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking originally involved simple tests of divergent thinking and other problem-solving skills, which were scored on four scales ...
Creativity techniques are methods that encourage creative actions, whether in the arts or sciences. They focus on a variety of aspects of creativity, including techniques for idea generation and divergent thinking, methods of re-framing problems, changes in the affective environment and so on.
Jugaad also applies to any kind of creative and out-of-the-box thinking or life hacks that maximize resources for a company and its stakeholders. According to author and professor Jaideep Prabhu, jugaad is an "important way out of the current [when?] economic crisis in developed economies and also holds important lessons for emerging economies ...
[1] After two decades, employers and universities realized the need to foster creativity in students and eventually in the workforce. In Csikszentmihalyi's five-step process to elicit creative thinking, incubation is a necessary step. [11] Meaning, the use of unconscious thought is needed to solve complex problems. [12]
Creative writing is any writing that goes outside the bounds of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on narrative craft, character development, and the use of literary tropes or with various traditions of poetry and poetics.
This activity may facilitate thinking in certain cases but is not necessary for it in general. [1] According to some accounts, thinking happens not in a regular language, like English or French, but has its own type of language with the corresponding symbols and syntax. This theory is known as the language of thought hypothesis. [30] [32]