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Boat passages to the underworld were strictly reserved for pharaohs who had died. The Egyptian sun god, Ra, was believed to travel to the underworld by boat as the sun set. As a way to mimic Ra's daily expedition, the ancient people of Egypt would construct model boats, ranging in many sizes in which they would bury alongside their pharaohs.
"Anubis" is a Greek rendering of this god's Egyptian name. [7] [8] Before the Greeks arrived in Egypt, around the 7th century BC, the god was known as Anpu or Inpu. The root of the name in ancient Egyptian language means "a royal child." Inpu has a root to "inp", which means "to decay." The god was also known as "First of the Westerners," "Lord ...
Osiris was the judge and lord of the dead and the underworld, the "Lord of Silence" [11] and Khenti-Amentiu, meaning "Foremost of the Westerners". [12] In the Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BC) the pharaoh was considered a son of the sun god Ra who, after his death, ascended to join Ra in the sky. After the spread of the Osiris cult, however, the ...
Images of Isis made outside Egypt were Hellenistic in style, like many of the images of her made in Egypt in Hellenistic and Roman times. The attributes she bore varied widely. [203] She sometimes wore the Hathoric cow-horn headdress, but Greeks and Romans reduced its size and often interpreted it as a crescent moon. [204]
Nemty – Falcon god, worshiped in Middle Egypt, [22] who appears in myth as a ferryman for greater gods [23] Neper – A god of Grain [24] Osiris – A god of death and resurrection who rules Duat and enlivens vegetation, the sun god, and deceased souls [25] Ptah – A creator deity and god of craftsmen, the patron god of Memphis [26]
The djed came to be associated with Seker, the falcon god of the Memphite Necropolis, then with Ptah, the Memphite patron god of craftsmen. [7] Ptah was often referred to as "the noble djed", and carried a scepter that was a combination of the djed symbol and the ankh, the symbol of life. [3] Ptah gradually came to be assimilated into Osiris.
Khepri (ḫprj) is derived from the Egyptian language verb ḫpr, meaning to "develop" or "create". [6] Khepri (ḫprj) can also be spelled "Kheper", which is the Egyptian term used to denote the sun god, the scarab beetle, and the verbs "to come into existence" or "to be born". [7]
Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites [2] because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of Set. She was associated with mourning , the night/darkness, service (specifically temples), childbirth, the dead, protection, magic, health, embalming, and beer.