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Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs), or vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) are cylindrical nanostructures with graphene layers arranged as stacked cones, cups or plates. Carbon nanofibers with graphene layers wrapped into perfect cylinders are called carbon nanotubes .
Since carbon nanotubes have a low density for a solid of 1.3 to 1.4 g/cm 3, its specific strength of up to 48,000 kN·m·kg −1 is the best of known materials, compared to high-carbon steel's 154 kN·m·kg −1. Under excessive tensile strain, the tubes will undergo plastic deformation, which means the deformation is permanent. This ...
Nanofabrics with dirt-proof, stain-proof, and superhydrophobic properties are possible as a result of the layer formed by polymer nanofibers. [6] Development of nanofabrics for use in the clothing and textiles industry is still in its early stages. Some applications such as bacteria-resistant clothing are not yet practical from an economic ...
Filamentous carbon is a carbon-containing deposit structure that refers to several allotropes of carbon, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and microcoils. [1] [2] [3] It forms from gaseous carbon compounds. [1] Filamentous carbon structures all contain metal particles. These are either iron, cobalt, or nickel or their alloys.
Schematic of a lithium-air battery. For the nanofiber-based lithium-air battery, the cathode would be made up of carbon nanofibers. The performance of these batteries depends on the characteristics of the material that makes up the cathode. Carbon materials have been widely used as cathodes because of their excellent electrical conductivities ...
A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a tube made of carbon with a diameter in the nanometre range . They are one of the allotropes of carbon. Two broad classes of carbon nanotubes are recognized: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have diameters around 0.5–2.0 nanometres, about 100,000
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TEM images and diffraction data shows that the hollow tubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). 1976 – A. Oberlin, Morinobu Endo, and T. Koyama reported CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) growth of nanometer-scale carbon fibers, and they also reported the discovery of carbon nanofibers, including that some were shaped as hollow tubes. [7]