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Antiphonal music is that performed by two choirs in interaction, often singing alternate musical phrases. [1] Antiphonal psalmody is the singing or musical playing of psalms by alternating groups of performers. [2] The term "antiphony" can also refer to a choir-book containing antiphons.
Printed antiphonary (ca. 1700) open to Vespers of Easter Sunday. (Musée de l'Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris)An antiphonary or antiphonal is one of the liturgical books intended for use in choro (i.e. in the liturgical choir), and originally characterized, as its name implies, by the assignment to it principally of the antiphons used in various parts of the Latin liturgical rites.
The antiphon O clavis David in an antiphonal. The O Antiphons (also known as the Great Advent Antiphons or Great Os) are antiphons used at Vespers during the Magnificat on the last seven days of Advent in Western Christian traditions. [1] They likely date to sixth-century Italy, when Boethius refers to the text in The Consolation of Philosophy. [2]
Antiphon's speech compares the plaintiff's stepmother to Clytemnestra, and his murdered father to Agamemnon, shown in this painting by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin. "Against the Stepmother" is Antiphon's only surviving speech for the prosecution. [12]
In half-chanting (which is more true to antiphonal singing in the Gregorian style), decani sing the first two quarters of the chant, and cantoris the next two quarters (so that each half-choir sings a whole verse at a time). With antiphonal singing, the first two verses, the Gloria and perhaps the last two verses are often sung by the whole choir.
Enslaved Africans brought call and response music with them to the colonized American continents and it has been transmitted over the centuries in various forms of cultural expression—in religious observance, public gatherings, sporting events, children's rhymes, and most notably, in African-American music in its myriad forms and descendants.
The statement, formal as it was, left room for discussion. Pierre Goussainville was the first to express (1685) a doubt as to the authenticity of the Gregorian antiphonary.
Antiphonal psalmody is the singing or musical playing of psalms by alternating groups of performers. The peculiar mirror structure of the Hebrew psalms makes it likely that the antiphonal method originated in the services of the ancient Israelites.