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  2. Settling time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settling_time

    Tay, Mareels and Moore (1998) defined settling time as "the time required for the response curve to reach and stay within a range of certain percentage (usually 5% or 2%) of the final value." [ 2 ] Mathematical detail

  3. Stokes' law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes'_law

    The Stokeslet is the Green's function of the Stokes-Flow-Equations. The conservative term is equal to the dipole gradient field. The formula of vorticity is analogous to the Biot–Savart law in electromagnetism. Alternatively, in a more compact way, one can formulate the velocity field as follows:

  4. Time constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_constant

    First order LTI systems are characterized by the differential equation + = where τ represents the exponential decay constant and V is a function of time t = (). The right-hand side is the forcing function f(t) describing an external driving function of time, which can be regarded as the system input, to which V(t) is the response, or system output.

  5. Stokes number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes_number

    where is the relaxation time of the particle (the time constant in the exponential decay of the particle velocity due to drag), is the fluid velocity of the flow well away from the obstacle, and is the characteristic dimension of the obstacle (typically its diameter) or a characteristic length scale in the flow (like boundary layer thickness). [1]

  6. Step response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step_response

    As an example of this formula, if Δ = 1/e 4 = 1.8 %, the settling time condition is t S = 8 τ 2. In general, control of overshoot sets the time constant ratio, and settling time t S sets τ 2 . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]

  7. Damping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damping

    Time constant: = /, the time for the amplitude to decrease by the factor of e. Half-life is the time it takes for the exponential amplitude envelope to decrease by a factor of 2. It is equal to ln ⁡ ( 2 ) / λ {\displaystyle \ln(2)/\lambda } which is approximately 0.693 / λ {\displaystyle 0.693/\lambda } .

  8. Fed to cut rates, but with a new landscape to decipher after ...

    www.aol.com/news/fed-cut-rates-landscape...

    The Fed is widely anticipated to reduce its benchmark policy rate by a quarter of a percentage point on Thursday to a range between 4.5% and 4.75%, a well-broadcast follow-up to the half-point ...

  9. Fick's laws of diffusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fick's_laws_of_diffusion

    In the ultrashort time limit, in the order of the diffusion time a 2 /D, where a is the particle radius, the diffusion is described by the Langevin equation. At a longer time, the Langevin equation merges into the Stokes–Einstein equation. The latter is appropriate for the condition of the diluted solution, where long-range diffusion is ...