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  2. Atmospheric instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_instability

    Within an unstable layer in the troposphere, the lifting of air parcels will occur, and continue for as long as the nearby atmosphere remains unstable. Once overturning through the depth of the troposphere occurs (with convection being capped by the relatively warmer, more stable layer of the stratosphere ), deep convective currents lead to ...

  3. Stable and unstable stratification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_and_unstable...

    Stable stratification of fluids occurs when each layer is less dense than the one below it. Unstable stratification is when each layer is denser than the one below it. Buoyancy forces tend to preserve stable stratification; the higher layers float on the lower ones. In unstable stratification, on the other hand, buoyancy forces cause convection ...

  4. Convective instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_instability

    As a result of the latent heat that is released during water vapor condensation, moist air has a relatively lower adiabatic lapse rate than dry air. This makes moist air generally less stable than dry air (see convective available potential energy [CAPE]). The dry adiabatic lapse rate (for unsaturated air) is 3 °C (5.4 °F) per 1,000 vertical ...

  5. Lifted index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifted_index

    Unstable areas are in yellow (slightly) and red (highly) while the stable zone is in blue. The lifted index (LI) is the temperature difference between the environment Te(p) and an air parcel lifted adiabatically Tp(p) at a given pressure height in the troposphere (lowest layer where most weather occurs) of the atmosphere, usually 500 hPa . The ...

  6. Lapse rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapse_rate

    Cloud formation in stable air is unlikely. If the environmental lapse rate is between the moist and dry adiabatic lapse rates, the air is conditionally unstable — an unsaturated parcel of air does not have sufficient buoyancy to rise to the LCL or CCL, and it is stable to weak vertical displacements in either direction.

  7. Outline of air pollution dispersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_air_pollution...

    The air within an inversion aloft is very stable with very little vertical motion. Any rising parcel of air within the inversion soon expands, thereby adiabatically cooling to a lower temperature than the surrounding air and the parcel stops rising. Any sinking parcel soon compresses adiabatically to a higher temperature than the surrounding ...

  8. Stratified flows - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_flows

    When the lower air is in stable condition, as in morning or early evening, the smoke comes out and become flat into a long, thin layer. Strong stratification, or inversions as they are called sometimes, restrict contaminants to the lower regions of the earth atmosphere, and cause many of our current air-pollution problems.

  9. Instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instability

    A ball on the top of a hill is an unstable situation. In dynamical systems instability means that some of the outputs or internal states increase with time, without bounds. [1] Not all systems that are not stable are unstable; systems can also be marginally stable or exhibit limit cycle behavior.