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On 27 December 1949, the Dutch government transferred sovereignty to a federal United States of Indonesia (USI), which comprised 16 states and territories, including the Republic of Indonesia. Under the constitution of the USI, the highest chamber of government was the Senate, which comprised 32 members, two from each of the 16 components of ...
Coordinating ministries are tasked mainly to coordinate the various government ministries and other government institutions. Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs; Coordinating Minister for Legal, Human Rights, Immigration, and Correction; Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs
Malaysia Madani (English: Civilised Malaysia) [1] is a policy framework and government slogan introduced by the administration of the 10th Prime Minister, Anwar Ibrahim. [2] The concept focuses on good governance , sustainable development and racial harmony.
In international relations, intergovernmentalism treats states (and national governments in particular) as the primary actors in the integration process. . Intergovernmentalist approaches claim to be able to explain both periods of radical change in the European Union because of converging governmental preferences and periods of inertia because of diverging
International relations (IR, and also referred to as international studies, international politics, [2] or international affairs [3]) is an academic discipline. [4] In a broader sense, the study of IR, in addition to multilateral relations, concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors ...
President of Indonesia Joko Widodo and Prime Minister of Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad in Putrajaya, 9 August 2019. Since independence, Indonesian foreign relations have adhered to a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers.
With the return to the unitary state of Indonesia in August 1950, the parliamentary cabinet system remained due to an agreement between the governments of the RIS and the Republic of Indonesia (a constituent of the RIS). Article 83 of the Provisional Constitution of 1950 stated that ministers had full responsibility for government policy. Over ...