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The Japanese imperial year (皇紀, kōki, or 紀元 kigen) is based on the date of the legendary founding of Japan by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. [15] For instance, 660 BC is counted as Kōki 1. It was first used in the official calendar in 1873. [16] Kōki 2600 (1940) was a special year.
There is a marked rainy season, beginning in early June and continuing for about a month. [1] It is followed by hot, sticky weather. [1] Five or six typhoons pass over or near Japan every year from early August to early October, sometimes resulting in significant damage. [1]
Japanese 10 yen coin. The date beneath the "10" reads 平成七年 Heisei year 7, or the year 1995. The most commonly used date format in Japan is "year month day (weekday)", with the Japanese characters meaning "year", "month" and "day" inserted after the numerals. Example: 2023年12月31日 (日) for "Sunday 31 December 2023".
Until 1872, in the Japanese calendar, seasons traditionally followed the lunisolar calendar with the solstices and equinoxes at the middle of a season. The traditional and contemporary months are approximately one month apart from each other, with the traditional New Year falling between late January and early February.
The traditional Japanese seasons are: Spring: 4 February–5 May; Summer: 6 May–7 August; Autumn: 8 August–6 November; Winter: 7 November–3 February; Within season categories, kigo can denote early, middle, or late parts of a season, which are defined approximately as the first, second, or third month of the season. [11]
Federal regulations for shelf life dates on perishable goods mandate a year/month/day format, but allow the month to be written in full, in both official languages, or with a set of standardized two-letter bilingual codes such as 2019 AL 09 or 19 AL 09.
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Name Date Remarks Ref. New Year's Day (元日, Ganjitsu): January 1 This national holiday was established in 1948, as a day to celebrate the new year. New Year's Day marks the beginning of Japan's most important holiday season, the New Year season (正月, Shōgatsu), which generally refers to the first one, three or seven days of the year.