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  2. DNA repair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair

    This then allows recruitment of the DNA repair enzyme MRE11, to initiate DNA repair, within 13 seconds. [47] γH2AX, the phosphorylated form of H2AX is also involved in the early steps leading to chromatin decondensation after DNA double-strand breaks. The histone variant H2AX constitutes about 10% of the H2A histones in human chromatin.

  3. Photolyase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photolyase

    These enzymes require visible light (from the violet/blue end of the spectrum) both for their own activation [1] and for the actual DNA repair. [2] The DNA repair mechanism involving photolyases is called photoreactivation. They mainly convert pyrimidine dimers into a normal pair of pyrimidine bases. Photo reactivation, the first DNA repair ...

  4. Nucleotide excision repair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_excision_repair

    Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism. [2] DNA damage occurs constantly because of chemicals (e.g. intercalating agents ), radiation and other mutagens . Three excision repair pathways exist to repair single stranded DNA damage: Nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), and DNA mismatch repair (MMR).

  5. V (D)J recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V(D)J_recombination

    The key enzymes involved are recombination activating genes 1 and 2 (RAG), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), and Artemis nuclease, a member of the ubiquitous non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway for DNA repair. [4] Several other enzymes are known to be involved in the process and include DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), X ...

  6. Chromatin remodeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin_remodeling

    Half maximum recruitment of these two DNA repair enzymes takes 13 seconds for MRE11 and 28 seconds for NBS1. [17] Another process of chromatin relaxation, after formation of a DNA double-strand break, employs γH2AX, the phosphorylated form of the H2AX protein.

  7. Base excision repair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_excision_repair

    Base excision repair (BER) is a cellular mechanism, studied in the fields of biochemistry and genetics, that repairs damaged DNA throughout the cell cycle. It is responsible primarily for removing small, non-helix-distorting base lesions from the genome.

  8. Postreplication repair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postreplication_repair

    An arsenal of DNA repair mechanisms exists to repair various forms of damaged DNA and minimize genomic instability. Most DNA repair mechanisms require an intact DNA strand as template to fix the damaged strand. DNA damage prevents the normal enzymatic synthesis of DNA by the replication fork.

  9. DNA glycosylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_glycosylase

    DNA glycosylases are a family of enzymes involved in base excision repair, classified under EC number EC 3.2.2. Base excision repair is the mechanism by which damaged bases in DNA are removed and replaced.

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