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Serum vancomycin levels may be monitored in an effort to reduce side effects, [27] but the value of such monitoring has been questioned. [28] Peak and trough levels are usually monitored, and for research purposes the area under the concentration curve is also sometimes used. [29] Toxicity is best monitored by looking at trough values. [29]
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
Visual disturbance, liver toxicity. [7] Spiramycin: Rovamycine: Mouth infections: Fidaxomicin: Dificid: Treatment of Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection. [8] May be more narrow-spectrum than vancomycin, resulting in less bowel microbiota alteration. [9] Nausea (11%), vomiting, and abdominal pain. [10]
The antibiotic, rifaximin, has enabled the global emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium, or VRE, a superbug that frequently causes serious infections in hospitalised patients ...
Aminoglycosides can cause inner ear toxicity which can result in sensorineural hearing loss. [19] The incidence of inner ear toxicity varies from 7 to 90%, depending on the types of antibiotics used, susceptibility of the patient to such antibiotics, and the duration of antibiotic administration.
For instance, preclinical studies showed that vancomycin had a low risk of inducing ototoxicity. [2] Despite these findings, literature generally agreed that pre-existing hearing abnormalities, concomitant use of aminoglycosides and renal dysfunction are risk factors for vancomycin-induced ototoxicity. [14] [15]
Once-daily dosing of aminoglycoside is sufficient to achieve peak plasma concentration for a clinical response without kidney toxicity. Meanwhile, for antibiotics with low volume distribution (vancomycin, teicoplanin, colistin), a loading dose is required to achieve an adequate therapeutic level to fight infections.
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.