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Algae that can divide in two planes can form sheet-like thalli or bodies. Cells that can divide in a third plane potentially allow for the organism to develop a more complex body plan, and diversification of body plans into an erect thallus of some sort and a holdfast for attaching the upright portion to the substrate.
The glycocalyx is a type of identifier that the body uses to distinguish between its own healthy cells and transplanted tissues, diseased cells, or invading organisms. Included in the glycocalyx are cell-adhesion molecules that enable cells to adhere to each other and guide the movement of cells during embryonic development. [3]
The chloroplasts of red algae have chlorophylls a and c (often), and phycobilins, while those of green algae have chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b without phycobilins. Land plants are pigmented similarly to green algae and probably developed from them, thus the Chlorophyta is a sister taxon to the plants; sometimes the Chlorophyta, the ...
[example needed] Most chlorophytes have one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids (central proteinaceous body covered with a starch sheath) that are localised around the chloroplast. Some algae may also store food in the form of oil droplets. The inner cell wall layer is made of cellulose and the outer layer of pectose.
Kelps can range in size from the 60-centimeter-tall (2 ft) sea palm Postelsia to the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, which grows to over 50 m (150 ft) long [8] [9] and is the largest of all the algae. In form, the brown algae range from small crusts or cushions [10] to leafy free-floating mats formed by species of Sargassum.
Golenkinia is a genus of green algae first described in 1894 by Robert Chodat. [1] The genus is named for the Russian phycologist Mikhail Iljitsch Golenkin. [2] Golenkinia species live in fresh water (including bodies of black water such as Winyah Bay) [3] and are found around the world. [4]
These algae may be either zooxanthellae, zoochlorellae or both. The sea anemone benefits from the products of the algae's photosynthesis, namely oxygen and food in the form of glycerol, glucose and alanine; the algae in turn are assured a reliable exposure to sunlight and protection from micro-feeders, which the sea anemones actively maintain ...
[1] [2] Prochlorococcus strains, called ecotypes, have physiological differences enabling them to exploit different ecological niches. [3] Analysis of the genome sequences of Prochlorococcus strains show that 1,273 [4] genes are common to all strains, and the average genome size is about 2,000 genes. [1] In contrast, eukaryotic algae have over ...