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There are continuous curves on which every arc (other than a single-point arc) has infinite length. An example of such a curve is the Koch curve. Another example of a curve with infinite length is the graph of the function defined by f(x) = x sin(1/x) for any open set with 0 as one of its delimiters and f(0) = 0.
For a curve, it equals the radius of the circular arc which best approximates the curve at that point. For surfaces, the radius of curvature is the radius of a circle that best fits a normal section or combinations thereof. [1] [2] [3]
A ray through the unit hyperbola x 2 − y 2 = 1 at the point (cosh a, sinh a), where a is twice the area between the ray, the hyperbola, and the x-axis. For points on the hyperbola below the x-axis, the area is considered negative (see animated version with comparison with the trigonometric (circular) functions).
Tangent line at (x 0, f(x 0)). The derivative f′(x) of a curve at a point is the slope (rise over run) of the line tangent to that curve at that point. Differential calculus is the study of the definition, properties, and applications of the derivative of a function. The process of finding the derivative is called differentiation. Given a ...
A double-end Euler spiral. The curve continues to converge to the points marked, as t tends to positive or negative infinity. An Euler spiral is a curve whose curvature changes linearly with its curve length (the curvature of a circular curve is equal to the reciprocal of the radius). This curve is also referred to as a clothoid or Cornu spiral.
In geometry, the sagitta (sometimes abbreviated as sag [1]) of a circular arc is the distance from the midpoint of the arc to the midpoint of its chord. [2] It is used extensively in architecture when calculating the arc necessary to span a certain height and distance and also in optics where it is used to find the depth of a spherical mirror ...
In these figures, the red curves are the lines of curvature for one family of principal directions, and the blue curves for the other. When a line of curvature has a local extremum of the same principal curvature then the curve has a ridge point. These ridge points form curves on the surface called ridges. The ridge curves pass through the ...
This is called Abel's integral equation and allows us to compute the total time required for a particle to fall along a given curve (for which / would be easy to calculate). But Abel's mechanical problem requires the converse – given T ( y 0 ) {\displaystyle T(y_{0})\,} , we wish to find f ( y ) = d ℓ / d y {\displaystyle f(y)={d\ell }/{dy ...