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2. Multi-stage flash distillation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-stage_flash_distillation

   The total evaporation in all the stages is up to approximately 85% of the water flowing through the system, depending on the range of temperatures used. With increasing temperature there are growing difficulties of scale formation and corrosion. 110-120 °C appears to be a maximum, although scale avoidance may require temperatures below 70 °C.

3. Capacitive deionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitive_deionization

   In CDI, the energy cost per volume of treated water scales approximately with the amount of removed salt, while in other technologies such as reverse osmosis, desalination energy scales roughly with volume of treated water. This makes CDI a viable solution for desalination of low salt content streams, or more specifically, brackish water.

4. Solar desalination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_desalination

   RO is the most common desalination process due to its efficiency compared to thermal desalination systems, despite the need for water pre-treatment. [39] Economic and reliability considerations are the main challenges to improving PV powered RO desalination systems. However, plummeting PV panel costs make solar-powered desalination more feasible.

5. Desalination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination

   A proposed alternative to desalination in the American Southwest is the commercial importation of bulk water from water-rich areas either by oil tankers converted to water carriers, or pipelines. The idea is politically unpopular in Canada, where governments imposed trade barriers to bulk water exports as a result of a North American Free Trade ...

6. Multiple-effect distillation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-effect_distillation

   Schematic of a multiple effect desalination plant. The first stage is at the top. Pink areas are vapor, lighter blue areas are liquid feed water. Stronger turquoise is condensate. It is not shown how feed water enters other stages than the first. F - feed water in. S - heating steam in. C - heating steam out. W - Fresh water (condensate) out.

7. They used to call California ocean desalination a disaster ...

   www.aol.com/news/used-call-california-ocean...

   The desalination units fit in small sheds and can treat up to 4,000 gallons a day — enough for a very small rural community that may not have the funds or resources needed to connect to a larger ...

8. Low-temperature thermal desalination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-temperature_thermal...

   Low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) is a desalination technique which takes advantage of the fact that water evaporates at lower temperatures at low pressures, even as low as ambient temperature. The system uses vacuum pumps to create a low pressure, low-temperature environment in which water evaporates even at a temperature difference ...

9. Microbial desalination cell - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_desalination_cell

   A microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a biological electrochemical system that implements the use of electro-active bacteria to power desalination of water in situ, resourcing the natural anode and cathode gradient of the electro-active bacteria and thus creating an internal supercapacitor.