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Software consists of computer programs that instruct the execution of a computer. [1] Software also includes design documents and specifications. The history of software is closely tied to the development of digital computers in the mid-20th century. Early programs were written in the machine language specific to the hardware.
A human computer, with microscope and calculator, 1952. It was not until the mid-20th century that the word acquired its modern definition; according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of the word computer was in a different sense, in a 1613 book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by the English writer Richard Brathwait: "I haue [] read the truest computer of Times, and the best ...
System software is a generic term referring to the computer programs used to start and run computer systems including diverse application software and networks. Computer programming tools, such as compilers and linkers, are used to translate and combine computer program source code and libraries into executables, which are programs that fall ...
A kernel connects the application software to the hardware of a computer. The kernel's main purpose is to manage the limited resources of a computer: The kernel program should perform process scheduling, [132] which is also known as a context switch. The kernel creates a process control block when a computer program is selected for execution.
Because of the ubiquity of the affected software, experts have described it as a most serious computer vulnerability. [412] In a high-level meeting, the importance of security maintenance of open-source software – often also carried out largely by few volunteers – to national security was clarified.
Application software is any computer program that is intended for end-user use – not operating, administering or programming the computer. An application ( app , application program , software application ) is any program that can be categorized as application software.
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This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such as HTML or XML, but does include domain-specific languages such as SQL and its ...