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The muscle of the inner layer is arranged in circular rings around the tract, whereas the muscle of the outer layer is arranged longitudinally. The stomach has an extra layer, an inner oblique muscular layer. [1] Between the two muscle layers is the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus). This controls peristalsis.
Stomach contains an additional oblique muscle layer just interior to circular muscle layer. In the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle. In the vas deferens of the spermatic cord, there are three layers: inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal.
The outer longitudinal layer is responsible for moving the semi-digested food towards the pylorus of the stomach through muscular shortening. To the outside of the muscular layer lies a serosa , consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum .
The muscularis externa of the stomach is composed of the inner oblique layer, middle circular layer, and the outer longitudinal layer. Between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers is the myenteric plexus. This controls peristalsis. Activity is initiated by the pacemaker cells, (myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal).
The gastric folds consist of two layers: Mucosal layer – This layer releases stomach acid. It is the innermost layer of the stomach. [5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl). Sub-mucosal layer – This layer consists of different vessels and nerves, ganglion neurons, and adipose tissue ...
The smooth muscle throughout most of the GI tract is divided into two layers: an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer. [1] Both layers of muscle are located within the muscularis externa. The stomach has a third layer: an innermost oblique layer.
The stomach is a distensible organ and can normally expand to hold about one litre of food. [22] This expansion is enabled by a series of gastric folds in the inner walls of the stomach. The stomach of a newborn baby will only be able to expand to retain about 30 ml.
A part of the enteric nervous system, the myenteric plexus exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the muscles of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. [citation needed] The ganglia have properties similar to the central nervous system (CNS). These properties ...