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  2. Electronic properties of graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_properties_of...

    The electronic properties of graphene are significantly influenced by the supporting substrate. [59] [60] The Si(100)/H surface does not perturb graphene's electronic properties, whereas the interaction between it and the clean Si(100) surface changes its electronic states significantly. This effect results from the covalent bonding between C ...

  3. Graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

    Graphene (/ ˈ ɡ r æ f iː n /) [1] is a carbon allotrope consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a honeycomb planar nanostructure. [2] [3] The name "graphene" is derived from "graphite" and the suffix -ene, indicating the presence of double bonds within the carbon structure.

  4. Graphene chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_chemistry

    Graphene is the only form of carbon (or solid material) in which every atom is available for chemical reaction from two sides (due to the 2D structure). Atoms at the edges of a graphene sheet have special chemical reactivity. Graphene has the highest ratio of edge atoms of any allotrope. Defects within a sheet increase its chemical reactivity. [1]

  5. Fullerene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene

    80 fullerene is not a global maximum for 80-atom boron clusters and hence can not be found in nature; the most stable configurations have complex geometries. [42] The same paper concluded that boron's energy landscape, unlike others, has many disordered low-energy structures, hence pure boron fullerenes are unlikely to exist in nature. [42]

  6. Nanomaterials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomaterials

    The fullerenes are a class of allotropes of carbon which conceptually are graphene sheets rolled into tubes or spheres. These include the carbon nanotubes (or silicon nanotubes) which are of interest both because of their mechanical strength and also because of their electrical properties. [26] Rotating view of C 60, one kind of fullerene

  7. Buckminsterfullerene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene

    The method was simple and efficient to prepare the material in gram amounts per day (1990) which has boosted the fullerene research and is even today applied for the commercial production of fullerenes. The discovery of practical routes to C 60 led to the exploration of a new field of chemistry involving the study of fullerenes.

  8. Fullerene whiskers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene_whiskers

    Fullerene whiskers are thin rods composed of fullerene molecules, such as C 60, C 70, or their mixtures. Hollow fullerene whiskers are called fullerene tubes. Such structures typically have a diameter of a few micrometers. When the diameter becomes smaller than 1 micron, the corresponding structures are called fullerene nanowhiskers or ...

  9. Past paper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_paper

    A past paper is an examination paper from a previous year or previous years, usually used either for exam practice or for tests such as University of Oxford, [1] [2] University of Cambridge [3] College Collections. Exam candidates find past papers valuable in test preparation.