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Haloarenes are different from haloalkanes because they exhibit many differences in methods of preparation and properties. The most important members are the aryl chlorides, but the class of compounds is so broad that there are many derivatives and applications.
[12] [13] [14] However, evidence for such an organocopper intermediate is weak and mostly circumstantial, [15] [16] and the exact pathway may depend on the substrate and reaction conditions. Single electron transfer
They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially. They are used as flame retardants , fire extinguishants , refrigerants , propellants , solvents , and pharmaceuticals .
The cyano group usually cannot be introduced by nucleophilic substitution of haloarenes, but such compounds can be easily prepared from diazonium salts. Illustrative is the preparation of benzonitrile using the reagent cuprous cyanide: [C 6 H 5 N 2] + + CuCN → C 6 H 5 CN + Cu + + N 2. This reaction is a special type of Sandmeyer reaction.
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In chemistry, the haloform reaction (also referred to as the Lieben haloform reaction) is a chemical reaction in which a haloform (CHX 3, where X is a halogen) is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of an acetyl group (R−C(=O)CH 3, where R can be either a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or an aryl group), in the presence of a base.