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  2. Inquisitorial system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisitorial_system

    An inquisitorial system is a legal system in which the court, or a part of the court, is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case.This is distinct from an adversarial system, in which the role of the court is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecution and the defense.

  3. Impartiality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impartiality

    James 3:17 describes the wisdom that comes from heaven as "first of all pure; then peace-loving, considerate, submissive, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial and sincere." This verse underscores the divine attributes of impartiality and sincerity as essential components of heavenly wisdom, further emphasizing their significance within the ...

  4. Sumukan Ltd v Commonwealth Secretariat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumukan_Ltd_v_Commonwealth...

    Sumukan had argued that the internal rules of the Commonwealth Secretariat, which prevented appeal to the UK courts, combined with the Commonwealth Secretariat Act which granted immunity to the Commonwealth Secretariat was a violation of their Article 6 rights under the European Human Rights Act, namely the right to an independent and impartial ...

  5. Federal tribunals in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the...

    Article III courts (also called Article III tribunals) are the U.S. Supreme Court and the inferior courts of the United States established by Congress, which currently are the 13 United States courts of appeals, the 91 United States district courts (including the districts of D.C. and Puerto Rico, but excluding the territorial district courts of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the ...

  6. Military tribunals in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_tribunals_in_the...

    Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507 (2004), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court recognized the power of the U.S. government to detain enemy combatants, including U.S. citizens, but ruled that detainees who are U.S. citizens must have the rights of due process, and the ability to challenge their enemy combatant status before an impartial ...

  7. Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the...

    It has been held that twelve came to be the number of jurors by "historical accident", and that a jury of six would be sufficient, [5] but anything less would deprive the defendant of a right to trial by jury. [6] In Ramos v. Louisiana (2020), the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment mandates unanimity in all federal and state criminal jury ...

  8. Article Three of the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_Three_of_the...

    Article Three empowers the courts to handle cases or controversies arising under federal law, as well as other enumerated areas. Article Three also defines treason. Section 1 of Article Three vests the judicial power of the United States in "one supreme Court", as well as "inferior courts" established by Congress.

  9. Judiciary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary

    The Supreme Court Building houses the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.. The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.