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Pressure in cylinder pattern in dependence on ignition timing: (a) - misfire, (b) too soon, (c) optimal, (d) too late. In a spark ignition internal combustion engine, ignition timing is the timing, relative to the current piston position and crankshaft angle, of the release of a spark in the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke.
Yanmar was founded in March 1912 in Osaka, Japan, [2] by Magokichi Yamaoka. [3] [4] When the company began in 1912, it manufactured gasoline-powered engines. [5] In 1920 the company began production of a small kerosene engine. [6] In 1933, it launched the world's first practical small diesel engine, the HB model. [5] [7] [8]
The engine is available in Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, [1] India, Southern Africa, Central and South America. The twin-turbo variant saw its first use in September 2007 fitted to the 200-series Land Cruiser wagon, which is available in various worldwide markets. Yanmar also marinized the twin-turbo variant of this engine as 8LV. [2]
In four-stroke cycle engines and some two-stroke cycle engines, the valve timing is controlled by the camshaft. It can be varied by modifying the camshaft, or it can be varied during engine operation by variable valve timing. It is also affected by the adjustment of the valve mechanism, and particularly by the tappet clearance.
Early variable valve timing systems used discrete (stepped) adjustment. For example, one timing would be used below 3500 rpm and another used above 3500 rpm. More advanced variable valve timing systems offer continuous (infinite) adjustment of the valve timing. Therefore, the timing can be optimized to suit all engine speeds and conditions. [2] [3]
The Universal Atomic 4 is a four-cylinder, gasoline engine produced by the Universal Motor Company between 1949 [1] and 1984 for use as auxiliary power on sailboats. [2] Both 18 horsepower (13 kW) and 30 horsepower (22 kW) versions of the engine were produced. [ 3 ]
A stroke is the action of a piston travelling the full length of its cylinder.In a two-stroke engine, one of the two strokes combines primarily the intake stroke and the combustion stroke, while the other stroke primarily combines the compression stroke and the exhaust stroke, though technically since both ports are exposed during both the combustion and compression strokes, some reversion ...
At idle speeds on a new engine poor machining tolerances could prevent the lifter from spinning and destroy the camshaft. After 20 minutes of wear, or "self machining" at higher engine speeds they would typically be able to spin freely. In the past, the engine break-in period was very important to the overall life and durability of the engine.
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