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The kingdom fell into a period of turmoil caused by Norse invasions and a succession dispute between Salomon's murderers: Gurvand and Pascweten. Pascweten's brother, Alan, called the Great, was the third and last to be recognized as King of Brittany. [1] After his death, Brittany fell under Norse occupation.
Brittany (/ ˈ b r ɪ t ən i / BRIT-ən-ee; French: Bretagne, pronounced ⓘ; Breton: Breizh, pronounced [bʁɛjs, bʁɛx]; [1] [dubious – discuss] Gallo: Bertaèyn or Bertègn, pronounced [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul.
The Duchy of Brittany had its origins in the Battle of Trans-la-Forêt of 939, which established the river Couesnon as the boundary between Brittany and Normandy. [1] In 942, Alan II paid homage to Louis IV of France ; however, the duchy did not gain royal attention until 1123, when Louis VI of France confirmed the bishop of Nantes. [ 2 ]
The army of the Kingdom of France, with the help of 5,000 mercenaries from Switzerland and Italy, defeated the Breton army in 1488, and the last Duke of independent Brittany, Francis II, was forced to submit to a treaty giving the King of France the right to determine the marriage of the Duke's daughter, a 12-year-old girl, the heir to the Duchy.
Initially divided into several small petty kingdoms, Brittany as a united political entity emerged in the 9th century as the Kingdom of Brittany. In the early 10th century the kingdom was devastated by Norse raids and occupation and from the mid-10th century became a vassal state of France as the Duchy of Brittany.
Legally, Brittany still remained distinct, and its future remained dependent on the Ducal bloodline, now held by the House of Montfort. When Anne died, Brittany passed to her daughter and heiress, Claude, rather than remaining with the King of France, her father. Francis III, Duke of Brittany. Claude married the future King of France, Francis I.
A French map of the traditional regions of Brittany in Ancient Régime France. Bro Gwened is marked in shades of purple. The flag of the former realm. The flag of the former county. Gwened, Bro-Gwened (Breton: Bro-Wened) or Vannetais (French: Pays Vannetais) is a historic realm and county of Brittany in France. It is considered part of Lower ...
Banner attributed to Breton and French knights at the Combat of the Thirty in 1351, during the Breton civil war. The Combat of the Thirty (French: Combat des Trente, Breton: Emgann an Tregont), occurring on 26 March 1351, [2] was an episode in the Breton War of Succession fought to determine who would rule the Duchy of Brittany.