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Hagia Sophia, [a] officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque, [b] is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.The last of three church buildings to be successively erected on the site by the Eastern Roman Empire, it was completed in AD 537, becoming the world's largest interior space and among the first to employ a fully pendentive dome.
In smoking ruins lay the Forum of Constantine and the adjacent shopping streets, the famous Baths of Zeuxippus and the neighborhood of the Great Palace. The fire miraculously did not touch the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia, stopping at the temple itself. What survived the fires was plundered by crusaders and Venetian merchants.
The most severe of these was the Nika riots of 532, in which an estimated 30,000 people were killed [7] and many important buildings were destroyed, such as the nearby second Hagia Sophia, the Byzantine cathedral. The current (third) Hagia Sophia was built by Justinian I following the Nika riots.
[50] Hagia Sophia was served by 600 people including 80 priests, and cost 20,000 pounds of gold to build. [51] Justinian also had Anthemius and Isidore demolish and replace the original Church of the Holy Apostles and Hagia Irene built by Constantine with new churches under the same dedication. The Justinianic Church of the Holy Apostles was ...
The new church was designed and built by the architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, [4] the same architects behind the rebuild of Hagia Sophia, and was consecrated on 28 June 550. The relics of Constantine and the three saints were re-installed in the new church, and a mausoleum for Justinian and his family was built at the ...
The 4th century Hagia Irene, built by Constantine, is the oldest standing Byzantine church in the city Following the decision by Theodora , wife of Theophilus, to restore the icons in 843, many churches and other prominent Byzantine buildings in the city were adorned with new icons, but some, like Hagia Irene , still bear the signs of the ...
The Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is a purpose-built structure, and its purpose is the worship of the Christian God. This particular function is not incidental to the way the church was ...
The dome and semi-domes of the Hagia Sophia, in particular, were replicated and refined. A "universal mosque design" based upon this development spread throughout the world. [250] The first Ottoman mosque to use a dome and semi-dome nave vaulting scheme like that of Hagia Sophia was the mosque of Beyazit II.