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  2. T-norm fuzzy logics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-norm_fuzzy_logics

    Involutive negation (unary) can be added as an additional negation to t-norm logics whose residual negation is not itself involutive, that is, if it does not obey the law of double negation . A t-norm logic L {\displaystyle L} expanded with involutive negation is usually denoted by L ∼ {\displaystyle L_{\sim }} and called L {\displaystyle L ...

  3. Involution (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involution_(mathematics)

    Any involution is a bijection.. The identity map is a trivial example of an involution. Examples of nontrivial involutions include negation (x ↦ −x), reciprocation (x ↦ 1/x), and complex conjugation (z ↦ z) in arithmetic; reflection, half-turn rotation, and circle inversion in geometry; complementation in set theory; and reciprocal ciphers such as the ROT13 transformation and the ...

  4. T-norm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-norm

    It is also the standard semantics for strong disjunction in such extensions of product fuzzy logic in which it is definable (e.g., those containing involutive negation). Graph of the bounded sum t-conorm. Bounded sum (,) = {+,} is dual to the Łukasiewicz t-norm.

  5. Dagger category - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagger_category

    In this example, a self-adjoint morphism is a symmetric relation. The category Cob of cobordisms is a dagger compact category , in particular it possesses a dagger structure. The category Hilb of Hilbert spaces also possesses a dagger structure: Given a bounded linear map f : A → B {\displaystyle f:A\rightarrow B} , the map f † : B → A ...

  6. Negation as failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation_as_failure

    Negation As Failure (NAF, for short) is a non-monotonic inference rule in logic programming, used to derive (i.e. that is assumed not to hold) from failure to derive . Note that n o t p {\displaystyle \mathrm {not} ~p} can be different from the statement ¬ p {\displaystyle \neg p} of the logical negation of p {\displaystyle p} , depending on ...

  7. College football award winners: Full list of winners for 2024 ...

    www.aol.com/college-football-award-winners-full...

    It's awards season for college football. Here's a list of the award winners in 2024.

  8. Today’s NYT ‘Strands’ Hints, Spangram and Answers for ...

    www.aol.com/today-nyt-strands-hints-spangram...

    An example spangram with corresponding theme words: PEAR, FRUIT, BANANA, APPLE, etc. Need a hint? Find non-theme words to get hints. For every 3 non-theme words you find, you earn a hint.

  9. List of logic symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols

    Corner quotes, also called “Quine quotes”; for quasi-quotation, i.e. quoting specific context of unspecified (“variable”) expressions; [3] also used for denoting Gödel number; [4] for example “⌜G⌝” denotes the Gödel number of G. (Typographical note: although the quotes appears as a “pair” in unicode (231C and 231D), they ...