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An epicanthic fold or epicanthus [6] is a skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye. [3] However, variation occurs in the nature of this feature and the possession of "partial epicanthic folds" or "slight epicanthic folds" is noted in the relevant literature.
Epicanthic eye folds are believed to be an adaptation protecting the eye from overexposure to ultraviolet radiation, and is presumed to be a particular trait in archaic humans from eastern and southeast Asia. A cold-adaptive explanation for the epicanthic fold is today seen as outdated by some, as epicanthic folds appear in some African ...
Telecanthus is often associated with many congenital disorders. Congenital disorders such as Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, cri du chat syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome [3] often present with prominent epicanthal folds, and if these folds are nasal (as they most commonly are) they will cause telecanthus.
The PAX6 gene locus is a transcription factor for the various genes and growth factors involved in eye formation. [1] [5] Eye morphogenesis begins with the evagination, or outgrowth, of the optic grooves or sulci. These two grooves in the neural folds transform into optic vesicles with the closure of the neural tube. [6]
The lateral palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum lateralis; external canthus) is more acute than the medial, and the eyelids here lie in close contact with the bulb of the eye. The medial palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum medialis; internal canthus) is prolonged for a short distance toward the nose , and the two eyelids are ...
Although an epicanthic fold can also be associated with a less prominent upper eyelid crease (a feature commonly termed "single eyelids" as opposed to "double eyelids"), the two features are distinct; a person may have both epicanthal folds and an upper eyelid crease, one and not the other, or neither. [2]
With age, the bridge will narrow, and the epicanthic folds in the corner of the eyes will go away. This will cause the eyes to appear wider and thus not have the appearance of strabismus. To detect the difference between strabismus and pseudostrabismus, clinicians use a flashlight to shine into the child's eyes.
An epicanthic fold is a fold of skin that tends to cover the corner of the eye. Monolid is a slang term for when there is no visible crease of skin between the upper eyelid and the eyebrow. Strictly speaking the two are separate features, though they often occur together.