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White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is so to speak with a camera in a room with no control of the maunal things it tries to get u out of your behaving is a method of software testing that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing).
The techniques used in white box testing are condition coverage, decision coverage, statement coverage, cyclomatic complexity. The main advantage of white box testing in database testing is that coding errors are detected, so internal bugs in the database can be eliminated. The limitation of white box testing is that SQL statements are not covered.
Grey-box testing implements intelligent test scenarios based on limited information. This will particularly apply to data type handling, exception handling, and so on. [48] With the concept of grey-box testing, this "arbitrary distinction" between black- and white-box testing has faded somewhat. [33]
A white box (or glass box, clear box, or open box) is a subsystem whose internals can be viewed but usually not altered. [1] The term is used in systems engineering , software engineering , and in intelligent user interface design, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] where it is closely related to recent interest in explainable artificial intelligence .
The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT). While white-box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and system levels of the software testing process, it is usually done at the unit level. It can test ...
The purpose is to help the tester develop effective tests or locate weaknesses in the test data used for the program or in sections of the code that are seldom or never accessed during execution. Mutation testing is a form of white-box testing. [2] [3]
This initial stage in testing normally carried out by the developer who wrote the code and sometimes by a peer using the white box testing technique. Integration testing This stage is carried out in two modes, as a complete package or as an increment to the earlier package. Most of the time black box testing technique is used.
In 1981, Duran and Ntafos formally investigated the effectiveness of testing a program with random inputs. [23] [24] While random testing had been widely perceived to be the worst means of testing a program, the authors could show that it is a cost-effective alternative to more systematic testing techniques.