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A Book on Nymphs, Sylphs, Pygmies, and Salamanders, and on the Other Spirits was written by Paracelsus (1493/1494 – 1541) late in his life, but it is not known what exact year it is from. [1] The descriptions of elemental beings are based on various ancient and traditional sources, which the author adapted and reinterpreted. [2]
Aristotle, Pliny, Nicander, Aelian. The standard lore of the salamander as a creature enduring fire and extinguishing it was known by the Ancient Greeks, as far back as the 4th century BCE, by his Aristotle (384–322 BCE) and his successor Theophrastus (c. 371–c. 287 BCE) [3] who gave such description of the σαλαμάνδρα (salamandra).
Other members of the cat family are mentioned in the Bible, namely lions, leopards, and (questionably) tigers. צִיִּים֙ (ṣiyyîm), mentioned in Isaiah 34:14, is translated as "wildcats" in some newer translations of the Bible such as the CEV and NRSV, making this potentially the only mention of small cats in the Protestant Bible.
These are biblical figures unambiguously identified in contemporary sources according to scholarly consensus.Biblical figures that are identified in artifacts of questionable authenticity, for example the Jehoash Inscription and the bullae of Baruch ben Neriah, or who are mentioned in ancient but non-contemporary documents, such as David and Balaam, [n 1] are excluded from this list.
The legendary salamander is often depicted as a typical salamander in shape, with a lizard-like form, but is usually ascribed an affinity with fire, sometimes specifically elemental fire. [2] [3] In the Renaissance, the salamander was supposed to be able to withstand any heat and even to put out fire. [4]
Marduk-apla-iddina II (Akkadian: D MES.A.SUM-na; in the Bible Merodach-Baladan or Berodach-Baladan, lit. Marduk has given me an heir) was a Chaldean leader from the Bit-Yakin tribe, originally established in the territory that once made the Sealand in southern Babylonia.
In the New Testament book of Revelation 4:6–8, four living beings (Greek: ζῷον, zōion) [5] are seen in John's vision. These appear as a lion, an ox, a man, and an eagle, much as in Ezekiel but in a different order.
Lysimachus (/ l ɪ ˈ s ɪ m ə k ə s /; Greek: Λυσίμαχος, Lysimachos; c. 360 BC – 281 BC) was a Thessalian [3] officer and successor of Alexander the Great, who in 306 BC, became king of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedon.