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A chloride ion is a structural component of some proteins; for example, it is present in the amylase enzyme. For these roles, chloride is one of the essential dietary mineral (listed by its element name chlorine). Serum chloride levels are mainly regulated by the kidneys through a variety of transporters that are present along the nephron. [19]
Even though nitrogen in NCl 3 is bearing a negative charge, the compound is usually called nitrogen trichloride. Chlorination of metals with Cl 2 usually leads to a higher oxidation state than bromination with Br 2 when multiple oxidation states are available, such as in MoCl 5 and MoBr 3. Chlorides can be made by reaction of an element or its ...
In table salt (NaCl, also known as sodium chloride) the sodium ion (positively charged) is the counterion for the chloride ion (negatively charged) and vice versa. A counterion will be more commonly referred to as an anion or a cation, depending on whether it is negatively or positively charged. Thus, the counterion to an anion will be a cation ...
The component ions in a salt can be either inorganic, such as chloride (Cl −), or organic, such as acetate (CH 3 COO −). Each ion can be either monatomic (termed simple ion), such as sodium (Na +) and chloride (Cl −) in sodium chloride, or polyatomic, such as ammonium (NH + 4) and carbonate (CO 2− 3) ions in ammonium carbonate.
The lift coefficient C L is defined by [2] [3] = =, where is the lift force, is the relevant surface area and is the fluid dynamic pressure, in turn linked to the fluid density, and to the flow speed.
The following table provides the reduction potentials of the indicated reducing agent at 25 °C. For example, among sodium (Na), chromium (Cr), cuprous (Cu +) and chloride (Cl −), it is Na that is the strongest reducing agent while Cl − is the weakest; said differently, Na + is the weakest oxidizing agent in this list while Cl is the strongest.
Charge number or valence [1] of an ion is the coefficient that, when multiplied by the elementary charge, gives the ion's charge. [2]For example, the charge on a chloride ion, , is , where e is the elementary charge.
First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion. The latter can be regarded as the ionization energy of the –1 ion or the zeroth ionization energy. [1]