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  2. Beowulf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf

    Beowulf (/ ˈ b eɪ ə w ʊ l f /; [1] Old English: Bēowulf [ˈbeːowuɫf]) is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important and most often translated works of Old English literature.

  3. Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf:_A_Translation_and...

    It represents Tolkien's attempt to reconstruct the folktale underlying the narrative of the first half of Beowulf. The book ends with two versions of Tolkien's "The Lay of Beowulf". The former, subtitled "Beowulf and Grendel", is a poem or song [5] of seven eight-line stanzas about Beowulf's victory over Grendel. The latter is a poem of fifteen ...

  4. List of kennings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kennings

    Example axe blood-ember Blóðeisu: N: Einarr Skúlason, Øxarflokkr 7 battle spear-din N: Snorri Sturluson, Skaldskaparmal: blood dead-slave N: blood battle-sweat One reference for this kenning comes from the epic poem, Beowulf. As Beowulf is in fierce combat with Grendel's mother, he makes mention of shedding much battle-sweat. N: Beowulf ...

  5. Translating Beowulf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translating_Beowulf

    Old English audiences, too, were comfortable with the use of many inexact synonyms to provide varying sounds to suit the alliterative scheme, without necessarily adding much to the meaning of the poem; Liuzza gives the example of "king", which might for example be rendered cyning, dryhten, hyrde, ræswa, sigedryhten, þeodcyning, weard, or wine ...

  6. List of epic poems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_epic_poems

    Don Juan by Lord Byron (1824), an example of a "mock" epic in that it parodies the epic style of the author's predecessors [12] Camões by Almeida Garrett (1825), narrating the last years and deeds of Luís de Camões; Dona Branca by Almeida Garrett (1826), the fantastic tale of the forbidden love between Portuguese princess Branca and Moorish ...

  7. List of translations of Beowulf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../List_of_translations_of_Beowulf

    This is a list of translations of Beowulf, one of the best-known Old English heroic epic poems. Beowulf has been translated many times in verse and in prose. By 2020, the Beowulf's Afterlives Bibliographic Database listed some 688 translations and other versions of the poem, from Thorkelin's 1787 transcription of the text, and in at least 38 languages.

  8. On Translating Beowulf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Translating_Beowulf

    A challenge to any translator: Beowulf parallel text of lines 210–228, with the inaccurate [6] [a] French of Hubert Pierquin, [7] 1912 Tolkien comments on the risk of using a translation as a substitute for study with grammar and dictionary, calling it an abuse, and writing that

  9. Epic poetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetry

    Famous examples of epic poetry include the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, the ancient Indian Mahabharata and Rāmāyaṇa in Sanskrit and Silappatikaram and Manimekalai in Tamil, the Persian Shahnameh, the Ancient Greek Odyssey and Iliad, Virgil's Aeneid, the Old English Beowulf, Dante's Divine Comedy, the Finnish Kalevala, the German ...