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Anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA) antibodies are a group of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) the target antigen of which is double stranded DNA. Blood tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are routinely performed to detect anti-dsDNA antibodies in diagnostic laboratories.
Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are highly associated with SLE. They are a very specific marker for the disease, with some studies quoting nearly 100%. [8] Data on sensitivity ranges from 25 to 85%. Anti-dsDNA antibody levels, known as titres, correlate with disease activity in SLE; high levels indicate more active lupus.
An extractable nuclear antigen panel, or an ENA panel, tests for presence of autoantibodies in the blood that react with proteins in the cell nucleus. It is usually done as a follow-up to a positive antinuclear antibody test and when one is showing symptoms of an autoimmune disorder. The ANA tests for the presence or absence of autoantibodies ...
In immunology the particular macromolecule bound by an antibody is referred to as an antigen and the area on an antigen to which the antibody binds is called an epitope. In some cases, an immunoassay may use an antigen to detect for the presence of antibodies, which recognize that antigen, in a solution.
For instance, up to 80% of those with SLE will have a positive double strand anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) autoantibody test, but only about 25–30% will have a positive RNP. Some individuals who do have an autoimmune disorder will have negative autoantibody test results, but at a later date – as the disorder progresses - the ...
Anti-DNase B antibody titers also stay elevated for longer, which is useful since often ASO titers may rise, but then fall prior to the onset of the glomerulonephritis where the onset of disease is often greater than 2 weeks after the infection resolved.
Anti-histone antibodies can be clinically detected using an ELISA assay. A blood sample is required for the test. [9] [5] Indirect immunofluorescence can also be used to detect anti-histone antibodies. Homogeneous, diffuse staining indicates the presence of anti-histone antibodies, chromatin, and some double-stranded DNA. [4]
Rotavirus. A nucleic acid test (NAT) is a technique used to detect a particular nucleic acid sequence and thus usually to detect and identify a particular species or subspecies of organism, often a virus or bacterium that acts as a pathogen in blood, tissue, urine, etc. NATs differ from other tests in that they detect genetic materials (RNA or DNA) rather than antigens or antibodies.