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In Crustacea, the saccate metanephridia are associated with the antennae and form the antennal gland. In freshwater crustacea , the saccate metanephridia are especially large due to their role in osmoregulation; crustacea must remove large amounts of water from the tissues, as the cells are hypertonic to the surrounding water.
However, careful control is required because physiological changes can occur due to noxious, but non-pain related events, e.g. cardiac and respiratory activity in crustaceans is highly sensitive and responds to changes in water level, various chemicals and activity during aggressive encounters.
A tripartite structure is recorded from near the antennae, consisting of elevated walls arranged in a semicircle (likely to enlarge the surface for an excretory organ as in modern crustaceans), a pore representing an opening of the “antennal gland” (the purpose of which is unknown) and a sickle-shaped furrow surrounding this pore.
The coxal gland is thought to be homologous with the antennal gland of crustaceans. The gland consists of an end sac (saccule), a long duct (labyrinth) and a terminal bladder (reservoir). [2] There is generally only one pair (two in some spiders), and they open on the coxae of the walking legs [1] or at the base of the second antennae in the ...
An X-ray of a human chest area, with some structures labeled. The contents of the thorax include the heart and lungs (and the thymus gland); the major and minor pectoral muscles, trapezius muscles, and neck muscle; and internal structures such as the diaphragm, the esophagus, the trachea, and a part of the sternum known as the xiphoid process.
Antennae (sg.: antenna) (sometimes referred to as "feelers") are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods. Antennae are connected to the first one or two segments of the arthropod head. They vary widely in form but are always made of one or more jointed segments.
AGS can cause a range of symptoms: mild ones like a rash or hives, or more severe ones such as difficulty breathing, and even anaphylaxis, says infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, M.D ...
The tarsus of insects corresponds to the penultimate segment of a generalized arthropod limb, which is the segment called the propodite in Crustacea. In adult insects, it is commonly subdivided into two to five subsegments, or tarsomeres, but in the Protura, some Collembola, and most holometabolous insect larvae it preserves the primitive form ...
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