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The Philips PM5540 was an early electronic video signal generator, which generated a monochrome test card [3] that is considered to be a black-and-white predecessor of the widely used Philips PM5544 and the latter's related family of Philips circle test patterns.
Test cards typically contain a set of patterns to enable television cameras and receivers to be adjusted to show the picture correctly (see SMPTE color bars).Most modern test cards include a set of calibrated color bars which will produce a characteristic pattern of "dot landings" on a vectorscope, allowing chroma and tint to be precisely adjusted between generations of videotape or network feeds.
From 1 March 1975, the Dutch public broadcasting system also started to use the Philips circle pattern on its TV channels, replacing the monochrome RMA 1946 Resolution Chart, the electronic monochrome chequerboard test card generated by a Philips GM 2671/50 video signal generator, [141] the Philips PM5552 early colour test card, and after the ...
The test card was generated electronically by several video-signal generators, [5] [6] including two variations of the Philips PM5644 generator (PM5644G/50 {PAL B/G} and PM5644G/70 {} [7]) and the Rohde & Schwarz SGPF-B3 [8] (the Grundig VG 1001 test signal generator has a different pattern design, but is sometimes indicated as "FuBk" because it features similar test elements [9]).
Snell & Wilcox SW2 and SW4 "Zone Plate" Test Chart (also referred to as Snell & Wilcox Test Pattern) were TV test cards introduced in the 1990s and used with NTSC, PAL and SDTV systems. [1] Popular versions of the test charts were made available on Laserdisc and DVD-Video, allowing home users and professionals to test and calibrate their equipment.
A precursor to the SMPTE test pattern was conceived by Norbert D. Larky (1927–2018) [5] [6] and David D. Holmes (1926–2006) [7] [8] of RCA Laboratories and first published in RCA Licensee Bulletin LB-819 on February 7, 1951. U.S. patent 2,742,525 Color Test Pattern Generator (now expired) was awarded on April 17, 1956, to Larky and Holmes. [9]
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The test card was generated electronically by a video generator, and includes features for various adjustments and checks: [9] [4] [1] Crosshatch pattern - For CRT color convergence check; EBU colour bars - Six colour bars at 75% amplitude and 100% saturation for colour adjustments; Greyscale bar - Six bars at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% ...