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The Scientific Revolution occurs in Europe around this period, greatly accelerating the progress of science and contributing to the rationalization of the natural sciences. 16th century: Gerolamo Cardano solves the general cubic equation (by reducing them to the case with zero quadratic term).
Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process. Multiple discovery sometimes occurs when multiple research groups discover the same phenomenon at about the same time, and scientific priority is often disputed. The listings below include some of the most significant people and ideas by date of publication or experiment.
1021 – Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen) pioneers the experimental scientific method and experimental physics in his Book of Optics, where he devises the first scientific experiments on optics, including the first use of the camera obscura to prove that light travels in straight lines and the first experimental proof that visual perception is caused ...
4000 BC: Probable time period of the first diamond-mines in the world, in Southern India. [124] 4000 BC: Paved roads, in and around the Mesopotamian city of Ur, Iraq. [125] 4000 BC: Plumbing. The earliest pipes were made of clay, and are found at the Temple of Bel at Nippur in Babylonia. [126] [b]
1651 – William Harvey concluded that all animals, including mammals, develop from eggs, and spontaneous generation of any animal from mud or excrement was an impossibility. 1665 – Robert Hooke saw cells in cork using a microscope. In 1661, 1664 and 1665, the blood cells were discerned by Marcello Malpighi.
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
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0s: 1st century in science; 100s: 2nd century in science; 200s: 3rd century in science; 300s: 4th century in science; 400s: 5th century in science; 500s: 6th century in science; 600s: 7th century in science; 700s: 8th century in science; 800s: 9th century in science; 900s: 10th century in science; 1000s: 11th century in science; 1100s: 12th ...