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An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two parts: The chemical gradient, or difference in solute concentration across a membrane. The electrical gradient, or difference in charge across a membrane.
In electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential of electrons (or any other species) is the total potential, including both the (internal, nonelectrical) chemical potential and the electric potential, and is by definition constant across a device in equilibrium, whereas the chemical potential of electrons is equal to the electrochemical ...
The free energy released when a higher-energy electron donor and acceptor convert to lower-energy products, while electrons are transferred from a lower to a higher redox potential, is used by the complexes in the electron transport chain to create an electrochemical gradient of ions. It is this electrochemical gradient that drives the ...
This page was last edited on 5 January 2006, at 22:09 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
An electrochemical method that combines aspects of many pulse voltammetry methods. SWV has a similar waveform to that of DPV but waveform is analyzed as a staircase scan for result interpretation. [11] Cyclic voltammetry: A voltammetric method that can be used to determine diffusion coefficients and half cell reduction potentials. [13]
In the case of dialysis, the driving concentration gradient in the membrane is reduced. [6] In the case of electromembrane processes, the potential drop in the diffusion boundary layers reduces the gradient of electric potential in the membrane. Lower rate of separation under the same external driving force means increased power consumption.
Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient.An important example is the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H +) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.
The electrochemical cell voltage is also referred to as electromotive force or emf. A cell diagram can be used to trace the path of the electrons in the electrochemical cell. For example, here is a cell diagram of a Daniell cell: Zn(s) | Zn 2+ (1 M) || Cu 2+ (1 M) | Cu(s) First, the reduced form of the metal to be oxidized at the anode (Zn) is ...