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  2. Atmospheric instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_instability

    Whether or not the atmosphere has stability depends partially on the moisture content. In a very dry troposphere, a temperature decrease with height less than 9.8 °C (17.6 °F) per kilometer ascent indicates stability, while greater changes indicate instability. This lapse rate is known as the dry adiabatic lapse rate. [3]

  3. Eady model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eady_model

    The model also assumes a constant static stability parameter and that fluctuations in the density of the air are small (obeys the Boussinesq approximation). Structurally, the model is bounded by two flat layers or “rigid lids”: one layer representing the Earth's surface and the other the tropopause at fixed height H. To simplify numerical ...

  4. Convective instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_instability

    The combination of moisture and temperature determine the stability of the air and the resulting weather. Cool, dry air is very stable and resists vertical movement, which leads to good and generally clear weather. The greatest instability occurs when the air is moist and warm, as it is in the tropical regions in the summer.

  5. Potential temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_temperature

    Potential temperature and hydrostatic stability. Potential temperature is a useful measure of the static stability of the unsaturated atmosphere. Under normal, stably stratified conditions, the potential temperature increases with height, [3] > and vertical motions are suppressed.

  6. Equivalent potential temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_potential...

    In the mesoscale, equivalent potential temperature is also a useful measure of the static stability of the unsaturated atmosphere. Under normal, stably stratified conditions, the potential temperature increases with height, > and vertical motions are suppressed.

  7. Kelvin–Helmholtz instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin–Helmholtz_instability

    Numerically, the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is simulated in a temporal or a spatial approach. In the temporal approach, the flow is considered in a periodic (cyclic) box "moving" at mean speed (absolute instability). In the spatial approach, simulations mimic a lab experiment with natural inlet and outlet conditions (convective instability).

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  9. International Standard Atmosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard...

    The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is a static atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity of the Earth's atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes or elevations. It has been established to provide a common reference for temperature and pressure and consists of tables of values at various altitudes ...