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The siege of Masada was one of the final events in the First Jewish–Roman War, occurring from 72 to 73 CE on and around a hilltop in present-day Israel. The siege is known to history via a single source, Flavius Josephus , [ 3 ] a Jewish rebel leader captured by the Romans , in whose service he became a historian.
The Roman legion surrounded Masada, building a circumvallation wall and then a siege ramp against the western face of the plateau. [11] According to Dan Gill, [ 19 ] geological investigations in the early 1990s confirmed earlier observations that the 114 m (375 ft) high assault ramp consisted mostly of a natural spur of bedrock.
The Sicarii [a] (“Knife-wielder”, “dagger-wielder”, “dagger-bearer”; from Latin sica = dagger) were a group of Jewish Zealots, who, in the final decades of the Second Temple period, conducted a campaign of targeted assassinations and kidnappings of Roman officials in Judea and of Jews who collaborated with the Roman Empire.
The fort surrendered following a Roman siege marked by the construction of a circumvallation wall, small siege camps, and an incomplete assault ramp, traces of which still exist. [249] Bassus then pursued approximately 3,000 rebels led by Judah ben Ari in the forest of Jardus, near the Dead Sea, and swiftly defeated them. [ 250 ]
The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by Jewish subjects against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE. [10] The term primarily applies to the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136)—nationalist rebellions striving to restore an independent Jewish state.
The siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea. Following a five-month siege, the Romans destroyed the city, including the Second Jewish Temple. [1 ...
State and Society in Roman Galilee, A.D. 132–212. London and Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell. Goodman, M. 2004. "Trajan and the Origins of Roman Hostility to the Jews." Past & Present 182: 3–29. Jacobson, David (2001), "When Palestine Meant Israel", Biblical Archaeology Review, 27 (3), archived from the original on 25 July 2011
This short-lived independence, however, was soon challenged by the Romans. In early 68 CE, Roman General Vespasian landed at Ptolemais and began suppression of the revolt with operations in the Galilee. By July 69 all of Judea but Jerusalem had been pacified and the city, now hosting rebel leaders from all over the country, came under Roman siege.